The November 2018 elections in most states will determine who holds the pen in drawing up congressional districts—and likely lock in most congressional districts as D or R for the next 10 . The standard for congressional districts allows relatively small deviations, when deployed in the service of legitimate objectives. Which of the following is true concerning redistricting in the House of Representatives? For legislative districts, a commission composed of legislative and executive officials had responsibility for drawing maps. Gerrymandering, the act of manipulating boundary lines to favor one party or class of people, is as old as American politics.But technology and improved data have made it possible for lawmakers to draw district maps with increasing precision. Which of the following statements about gerrymandering is true? As part of this project, we set out to determine what districts for the U.S. House of Representatives could look like if they were drawn with different goals in mind.We did the drawing ourselves . There is no uniformly agreed-upon standard for identifying a compact district, but the U.S. Supreme Court has on occasion used an “eyeball test.”[4] Applying the “eyeball test” to the images below, it is easy to identify the geographically compact district from the one that is not as compact. Because Michigan's population is growing slower than the U.S. population overall, the state will lose one of its 14 U.S. House districts in this. Found inside – Page 66CONGRES , WOULD DRAW CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT LINES If the constitutional amendment proposed by H.J. Res . 253 becomes effective , Congress will have to ... In California, the Citizens Redistricting Commission, which redraws district lines every 10 years, was created to ensure that districts in local, state and federal government are drawn fairly and free from political influence. As for the consequences of how the lines get drawn - that was the second part of question-asker Tim Campbell's question — Camarillo said having fewer minority majority districts means fewer . Found inside – Page 14119... has so drawn the boundary lines of lower standard of achievement by the sturegard to race so that all students could be the school districts within the ... In each diagram, both the red and blue dots could have influence in multiple districts if the districts were drawn to accommodate the number of dots represented by each color. A total of 13 states impose similar requirements for congressional districts. Wesberry v. Sanders established the principle of. 8 of the Nebraska Constitution. A panel of judges ruled that Ohio's congressional districts were unconstitutionally drawn by Republicans, and it ordered a new map for the 2020 elections. A total of 13 states impose similar requirements for congressional districts. Compactness is a redistricting principle that requires districts to be geographically compact, which means that the distances between the parts of the district or territory are minimized. "),d=t;a[0]in d||!d.execScript||d.execScript("var "+a[0]);for(var e;a.length&&(e=a.shift());)a.length||void 0===c?d[e]?d=d[e]:d=d[e]={}:d[e]=c};function v(b){var c=b.length;if(0
=a.length+e.length&&(a+=e)}b.i&&(e="&rd="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(B())),131072>=a.length+e.length&&(a+=e),c=!0);C=a;if(c){d=b.h;b=b.j;var f;if(window.XMLHttpRequest)f=new XMLHttpRequest;else if(window.ActiveXObject)try{f=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")}catch(r){try{f=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}catch(D){}}f&&(f.open("POST",d+(-1==d.indexOf("?")?"? The official line-drawing process is different in every state, and in 2021 a record number of states will ask the public for input. Contiguity and continuous boundary lines Every congressional and General Assembly district in Ohio must be contiguous, meaning that it is a single, unbroken shape, with no "islands" of territory that do not touch the rest of the district. In February 2021, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Census Bureau announced that population data would not be delivered to the states by April 1. Koopman shared a different view on this, writing “, I personally think Michigan is NOT in the top 25% of partisan redistricting states now, but ‘only’ a little worse than average.”, Looking to the future, Bjelland noted that. The five-member Districting and Apportionment Commission, created with the new state constitution in 1972, draws both congressional and legislative districts in Montana. Found inside – Page 77Congressman Hanley's proposal , which would remove the power to draw Congressional district lines from the state legislatures and vest it instead in a ... Calvin University's official student newspaper since 1907. interviewed geography professor Mark Bjelland and political science professor Doug Koopman to learn more about redistricting and gerrymandering. Over the past decade, some areas have gained population and some areas have lost population. The Florida Constitution directs the Legislature to redraw district boundaries at its Regular Session in the second year following each decennial census, which will begin on January 11, 2022. Found inside – Page iThis volume is motivated by three concerns. First is the belief that the issue of political gerrymander will play a significant (although far from dominant) role in redistricting litigation in the 1990s and thereafter. Koopman said that districts don’t have to be distorted to be gerrymandered. The US is expected to have a "minority majority" population by 2050. “Most of these ‘adds’ would be more strongly Republican, so the most likely result is a lean-slightly-Republican U.S. House district for the Grand Rapids area,” said Koopman. Associated Press writer Gary D. Robertson contributed to this report . By law, the Census Bureau is mandated to provide states with its population data for redistricting purposes by April 1 of each year ending in one.[8]. Each district's boundary also must be a single nonintersecting continuous line. Eric Anderson studies one of the most remarkable centers of black political influence in the late nineteenth century—North Carolina’s second congressional district. Which of the following is generally true of the gerrymandering of congressional districts? Drawn Out of the Game. The census is used to reapportion seats in which of the following? The term “packing” means to squeeze voters of a particular group into a district well above the numbers required to win the district, reducing the group’s ability to impact the outcome of elections in districts outside of the packed district. The official line-drawing process is different in every state, and in 2021 a record number of states will ask the public for input. ● District populations should be as nearly equal as practicable with a deviation range at or near zero; and. Because Michigan's population is growing slower than the U.S. population overall, the state will lose one of its 14 U.S. House districts in this. reflect population shifts indicated by the national census. A coastal district in California stretching from Berkeley north to the state line also has been suggested by members of the public. “it all depends on where the lines are drawn.” He explained that Kent County’s population is about 85% of the population of a U.S. House district, and so if Kent County is the center of a new district, some portions of the surrounding counties will be added. Nine Congressional districts, for instance, had populations of 900,000 or more as of 2009, according to Census Bureau estimates, while the average Congressional district has about 700,000 people. The range of population deviation for congressional redistricting is +/- .5% (plus or minus one-half of one percent) and for the Legislature and other statewide redistricting plans, +/-5% (plus or minus five percent). Arkansas' legislative + congressional redistricting processes, explained. Every decade, following the U.S. Census, states must redraw the boundaries of legislative and congressional districts to reflect changes in the population. It can be used by a political party to draw boundary lines to gain political control in as many districts as possible. Slagle:"Twenty years of those, they were in districts drawn by Democrats. Gerrymandering 101 10:54. “Most of these ‘adds’ would be more strongly Republican, so the most likely result is a lean-slightly-Republican U.S. House district for the Grand Rapids area,” said Koopman. Found inside – Page 185This complicates the task of drawing legislative district mes to court-imposed standards of population equality. _ Enumeration district boundary lines often ... April 16, 2021. This has resulted in Republicans having a 13 to 5 advantage in Pennsylvania's congressional delegation despite the fact that the state is the . . ("naturalWidth"in a&&"naturalHeight"in a))return{};for(var d=0;a=c[d];++d){var e=a.getAttribute("data-pagespeed-url-hash");e&&(! “A well-suited Democrat, a poorly fitting Republican, and the right dominant issues, could conceivably flip the district to Democrats. For congressional districts, the legislature maintained the power to draw district lines via ordinary statute, which was subject to the governor's veto. In the diagram marked “Cracking,” the blue dots are divided to such a degree they only have a majority in one district. Every ten years, states redraw the boundaries of their congressional and state legislative districts after the census. As to how redistricting will change the political landscape, Koopman said “it all depends on where the lines are drawn.” He explained that Kent County’s population is about 85% of the population of a U.S. House district, and so if Kent County is the center of a new district, some portions of the surrounding counties will be added. Changes in the US population, which census figures reflect, impact American culture and our political system. For congressional districts, the legislature maintained the power to draw district lines via ordinary statute, which was subject to the governor's veto. a district drawn to cross the municipal boundary as long as the population The Hawaii County Redistricting Commission is meeting to draw new boundaries for Hawaii island's nine districts as well. The three officials meet as the "Board of Apportionment" the year after each federal census to determine districts. Reapportionment of seats in the House of Representatives occurs. A state with a history of minority vote dilution may voluntarily draw majority-minority districts to remedy its discriminatory history. The list of cited cases is not exhaustive, and the rulings may have been altered by later decisions. Most states draw new lines by passing a law the same way any other law is passed, but some states have special procedures. Found inside – Page 103Drawing the lines of electoral districts can also exert a profound inÀuence ... to create a district of ideal population size for a congressional district, ... District lines are redrawn every . According to Bjelland, what allows gerrymanderers to figure out where voters for the other party live has to do with a larger trend in political geography. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. There is a set number of state legislative districts so lawmakers can only move the boundary lines and they must be equal in population. The Census Bureau is set to release the long-awaited data states need to draw new voting maps Thursday, kicking off what . After the 2020 census, congressional lines must be redrawn with some states picking up seats and others losing a congressional district based on population. Computer mapping also allows politicians to draw precise maps that pack opponents’ votes into one district, spreading the opposition among many districts so that they can’t win anywhere. Challenges to redistricting plans passed and signed into law must be filed in the district court of Lancaster County, per Neb. The rise of Geographic Information Systems (also known as GIS) gives gerrymanderers detailed information about where voters for the opposite party live, Bjelland told Chimes. The West Virginia Constitution requires congressional and legislative boundary lines to be drawn every 10 years utilizing U.S. Census data to indicate changes in population, according to Delegate . Starting in the 2022 midterms, per the 2020 United States census, California will lose a new congressional seat. (e in b)&&0=b[e].o&&a.height>=b[e].m)&&(b[e]={rw:a.width,rh:a.height,ow:a.naturalWidth,oh:a.naturalHeight})}return b}var C="";u("pagespeed.CriticalImages.getBeaconData",function(){return C});u("pagespeed.CriticalImages.Run",function(b,c,a,d,e,f){var r=new y(b,c,a,e,f);x=r;d&&w(function(){window.setTimeout(function(){A(r)},0)})});})();pagespeed.CriticalImages.Run('/mod_pagespeed_beacon','http://news.legislature.ne.gov/lrd/redistricting/informational-brief-of-redistricting/','8Xxa2XQLv9',true,false,'GQuRoOs-6aw'); 7. The population of the average US citizen is getting older. Because Michigan’s population is growing slower than the U.S. population overall, the state will lose one of its 14 U.S. House districts in this cycle of redistricting. Examples of Compact and Not Compact Districts, //
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